Witnessing side-effects

Side Effects

Side Effects

This section covers basic topics and illustrates the technical notion of a computational effect with several mathematical and programming examples. In everyday language, a “side effect” refers to the unintended or unforeseen consequences of an action. By analogy, in order to identify the side effect of a given computation, it is first necessary to isolate the “publicly stated” or “publicly expe...

Repeated Witnessing of Conspecifics in Pain: Effects on Emotional Contagion

Witnessing of conspecifics in pain has been shown to elicit socially triggered freezing in rodents. It is unknown how robust this response is to repeated exposure to a cage-mate experiencing painful stimulation. To address this question, shock-experienced Observer rats repeatedly witnessed familiar Demonstrators receive painful footshocks (six sessions). Results confirm that Observers freeze du...

Witnessing Network Transformations

Software-defined networking (SDN) is transforming the way networks are managed, as fixed distributed protocols give way to flexible route calculation software. The shift brings to the forefront the issue of software errors, which may produce wrong routes, and cause significant network disruption. We propose a run-time certification mechanism that rejects any wrongly calculated route before it i...

Codeine effects and side effects

Curiosity about codeine can lead to copious information, so first it?s good to focus on the basics. Codeine is a prescription opioid/narcotic analgesic [2] that?s typically used to reduce coughing or to relieve mild to moderate pain by acting on the central nervous system (CNS, more on this later). That said, it?s good to be aware of potential risks associated with taking this medication. Codei...